Monitoring Indoor Air Quality Parameters in School Buildings: A Multi-Parameter Monitoring and Compliance Analysis

Abstract

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in school environments is essential for maintaining students’ health, comfort, and academic performance. This study evaluates IAQ conditions in a Malaysian primary school using a multi-parameter monitoring approach and compliance assessment based on the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 (ICOP-IAQ 2010) and MS1525:2019 standards. Measurements were conducted across multiple locations, including Blocks A, B, and C, covering different floor levels and functional spaces. Parameters assessed include air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen (O₂), formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), and light intensity. The results show that most chemical and particulate parameters complied with recommended limits, showing effective ventilation and low pollutant concentrations. However, air temperature and relative humidity consistently exceeded acceptable ranges, with temperatures above 29°C and humidity exceeding 70%, showing significant thermal discomfort. Light intensity also showed partial non-compliance in several areas. These findings highlight the need for integrated strategies addressing both air quality and thermal comfort to improve indoor environmental quality in school buildings, particularly in tropical climates.